Reverse Each Word in a Given String in C#

In this article, I am going to discuss How to Reverse Each Word in a Given String in C# with some examples. Please read our previous article where we discussed How to Reverse a String in C# program with some examples. As part of this article, we are going to use the following three approaches to reverse each word in a given string C#.

1. Without using a built-in function
2. Using Stack
3. Using LINQ

Program Description:
The user will input a string and we need to reverse each word individually without changing its position in the string. Here, we will take the input as a string from the user, and then we need to reverse each word individually without changing their position in the sentence as shown in the below image.

Method1: Without using any built-in function:
In the following example, we generate all words separated by space. Then reverse the words one by one.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string originalString = Console.ReadLine();
            StringBuilder reverseWordString = new StringBuilder();
            List<char> charlist = new List<char>();
            for (int i = 0; i < originalString.Length; i++)
            {
                if (originalString[i] == ' ' || i == originalString.Length - 1)
                {
                    if (i == originalString.Length - 1)
                        charlist.Add(originalString[i]);
                    for (int j = charlist.Count - 1; j >= 0; j--)
                        reverseWordString.Append(charlist[j]);
                    reverseWordString.Append(' ');
                    charlist = new List<char>();
                }
                else
                {
                    charlist.Add(originalString[i]);
                }    
            }
            Console.WriteLine($"Reverse Word String : {reverseWordString.ToString()}");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }      
    }
}

Output:

Method2: Using Stack to Reverse Each Word in C#
Here, we are using a stack to push all words before space. Then as soon as we encounter a space, we empty the stack. The program is self-explained, so please go through the comments line.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string originalString = Console.ReadLine();
            Stack<char> charStack = new Stack<char>();
            // Traverse the given string and push all characters
            // to stack until we see a space.  
            for (int i = 0; i < originalString.Length; ++i)
            {
                if (originalString[i] != ' ')
                {
                    charStack.Push(originalString[i]);
                }
                // When seeing a space, then print contents of the stack.  
                else
                {
                    while (charStack.Count > 0)
                    {
                        Console.Write(charStack.Pop());
                    }
                    Console.Write(" ");
                }
            }
            // Since there may not be space after last word.  
            while (charStack.Count > 0)
            {
                Console.Write(charStack.Pop());
            }
            
            Console.ReadKey();
        }      
    }
}

Method3: Using Linq to Reverse Each Word in C#

using System;
using System.Linq;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string originalString = Console.ReadLine();
            
            string reverseWordString = string.Join(" ", originalString
            .Split(' ')
            .Select(x => new String(x.Reverse().ToArray())));
            Console.WriteLine($"Reverse Word String : {reverseWordString}");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }      
    }
}

Output:

Code Explanation:
Split the input string using a single space as the separator.

The Split method is used for returning a string array that contains each word of the input string. We use the Select method for constructing a new string array, by reversing each character in each word. Finally, we use the Join method for converting the string array into a string.

In the next article, I am going to discuss How to Remove Duplicate Characters from a given string in C# using different mechanisms. I hope now you understood How to Reverse Each Word in a Given String in C# with different mechanisms.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to write a program to Reverse Each Word in a Given String in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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How to Reverse a String in C#

In this article, I am going to discuss How to Reverse a String in C# with and without using built-in Methods. Please read our previous article where we discussed Character Occurrence in a String in C# program with some examples. As part of this article, we are going to use the following three approaches to reverse a string C#.

1. Using For Loop
2. Using For Each Loop
3. Using the built-in Reverse method of Array class

Program Description:
Here, we will take the input as a string from the user, and then we will convert that string in reverse order as shown in the below image.

Reverse a String in C# without using Built-in method:
In the below program, we are using for loop to reverse a string.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string originalString = Console.ReadLine();
            string reverseString = string.Empty;
            for (int i = originalString.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                reverseString += originalString[i];
            }
            Console.Write($"Reverse String is : {reverseString} ");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }      
    }
}

Output:

Using the for-each loop to reverse a string in C#:
In the following example, we use for each loop to reverse a string in C#.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string originalString = Console.ReadLine();
            string reverseString = string.Empty;
            foreach (char c in originalString)
            {
                reverseString = c + reverseString;
            }
            Console.Write($"Reverse String is : {reverseString} ");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }      
    }
}

Reverse a String Using in-built Reverse Method in C#:
In the following example, we use the built-in Reverse method of the Array class to reverse a string.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string originalString = Console.ReadLine();
            char[] stringArray = originalString.ToCharArray();
            Array.Reverse(stringArray);
            string reverseString = new string(stringArray);
            
            Console.Write($"Reverse String is : {reverseString} ");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }      
    }
}

In the next article, I am going to discuss how to reverse each word in a given string in C# using different mechanisms. I hope now you understood how to reverse a string with and without using any built-in method in C#.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to understand How to Reverse a String in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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Character Occurrence in a String in C# with Examples

In this article, I am going to discuss the Character Occurrence in a String in C# program with some examples. Please read our previous article where we discussed the Binary to Decimal Conversion Program in C# with some examples. This is one of the most frequently asked interview questions in the interview. Here as part of this article, we are going to discuss the following mechanisms to count the character occurrences in a string.

1. Using Loop to Count the Character Occurrence in a String.
2. How to use Dictionary to Count the Number of Occurrences of character in C#.
3. Using LINQ Group By method to count character occurrences.

Using Loop to Count the Character Occurrence in a String in C#:
Here in the following program, we take the input from Console and then remove the blank spaces from the input if any. Check the length of the input message and if it is greater than 0, then using for loop we calculate the number of occurrences of each character,

using System;
namespace LogicalProgram
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter the string : ");
            string message = Console.ReadLine();
            //Remove the empty spaces from the message
            message = message.Replace(" ", string.Empty);
            
            while (message.Length > 0)
            {
                Console.Write(message[0] + " : ");
                int count = 0;
                for (int j = 0; j < message.Length; j++)
                {
                    if (message[0] == message[j])
                    {
                        count++;
                    }
                }
                Console.WriteLine(count);
                message = message.Replace(message[0].ToString(), string.Empty);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

Using Dictionary to Count the Number of Occurrences of character in C#:
In the below program, we created a dictionary to store each character and its count. We take the input message from the console and then loop through each character of the input message. For each character, we check whether that character already there in the dictionary or not. If already there then just increased its count by 1 else add that character to the dictionary with count as 1.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace LogicalProgram
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter the string : ");
            string message = Console.ReadLine();
            Dictionary<char, int> dict = new Dictionary<char, int>();
            foreach (char ch in message.Replace(" ", string.Empty))
            {
                if (dict.ContainsKey(ch))
                {
                    dict[ch] = dict[ch] + 1;
                }
                else
                {
                    dict.Add(ch, 1);
                }
            }
            foreach (var item in dict.Keys)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item + " : " + dict[item]);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

Using LINQ Group By method to count character occurrences in C#:
In the following program, we take the input message from the console and replace the blank spaces with an empty string. Then we use Linq Group By method to group each character and convert the result into a dictionary where the character is the key and the number of counts is its value.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
namespace LogicalProgram
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter the string : ");
            string message = Console.ReadLine();
            Dictionary<char, int> dict = message.Replace(" ", string.Empty)
                                         .GroupBy(c => c)
                                         .ToDictionary(gr => gr.Key, gr => gr.Count());
            foreach (var item in dict.Keys)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item + " : " + dict[item]);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

In the next article, I am going to discuss how to reverse a string in C# with and without using a built-in function. Here, in this article, I try to explain the different mechanisms to find the count of each character in a string.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to write a program to find Character Occurrence in a String in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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Binary to Decimal Conversion in C# with Examples

In this article, I am going to discuss the Binary to Decimal Conversion in C# with some examples. Please read our previous article where we discussed the Decimal to Binary Conversion Program in C# with examples. In C#, we can easily convert a binary number (base-2 (i.e. 0 or 1)) into decimal number (base-10 (i.e. 0 to 9)).

How to Convert Binary Number to Decimal Number in C#?
The following diagram shows how to convert a binary number i.e. 10101 into its equivalent decimal number i.e. 21.

Implementing Binary to Decimal Conversion Program in C#:
In the following example, first, we extract the digits of a given binary number starting from rightmost digits using the modulus operator. Once we extract the number, then we multiply the digit with the proper base i.e. the power of 2 and add the result into the decimal value variable. In the end, the decimal value variable will hole the required decimal number.

using System;
namespace LINQDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter the Binary Number : ");
            int binaryNumber = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            int decimalValue = 0;
            // initializing base1 value to 1, i.e 2^0 
            int base1 = 1;
            
            while (binaryNumber > 0)
            {
                int reminder = binaryNumber % 10;
                binaryNumber = binaryNumber / 10;
                decimalValue += reminder * base1;
                base1 = base1 * 2;
            }
            Console.Write($"Decimal Value : {decimalValue} ");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

Please Note: The above program works with binary numbers within the range of integers. If you want to work with long binary numbers such as 20 bits or 30 bit, then you need to use the string variable to store the binary numbers.

Binary to Decimal Conversion using Convert.ToInt32() method:
In the following example, we are using the ToInt32 method to convert a binary number to a decimal number. This except expects two parameters. The first parameter is the string representation of the binary number and the second parameter is the base value i.e. in our case it is 2.

using System;
namespace LINQDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter the Binary Number : ");
            int binaryNumber = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            int decimalValue = Convert.ToInt32(binaryNumber.ToString(), 2);           
            Console.Write($"Decimal Value : {decimalValue} ");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

In the next article, I am going to discuss the Character Occurrences in a String Program in C# with some examples. Here, in this article, I try to explain the Binary to Decimal Conversion Program in C# with some examples.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to understand Binary to Decimal Conversion in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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Decimal to Binary Conversion in C# with Examples

In this article, I am going to discuss the Decimal to Binary Conversion in C# with some examples. Please read our previous article where we discussed the Sum of Digits of a given number Program in C# in many different ways. In C#, we can easily convert any decimal number (base-10 (i.e. 0 to 9)) into binary number (base-2 (i.e. 0 or 1)). As part of this article, we are going to discuss the following pointers.

1. What are Decimal Numbers?
2. What are Binary Numbers?
3. How to Convert Decimal to Binary in C#?

What are Decimal Numbers?
The Decimal numbers are the numbers whose base is 10. That means the decimal numbers are range from 0 to 9. Any combination of such digits (digits from 0 to 9) is a decimal number such as 2238, 1585, 227, 0, 71, etc.

What are Binary Numbers?
The Binary numbers are the numbers whose base is 2. That means the binary numbers can be represent using only two digits i.e. 0 and 1. So, any combination of these two numbers (i.e. 0 and 1) is a binary number such as 101, 10o1, 111111, 10101, etc.

Let us have a look which shows the decimal number along with its binary representation.

Algorithm: Decimal to Binary Conversion

Step1: First, divide the number by 2 through modulus (%) operator and store the remainder in an array
Step2: Divide the number by 2 through division (/) operator.
Step3: Repeat step 2 until the number is greater than zero.


Program: Decimal to Binary Conversion in C#

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter the Decimal Number : ");
            int number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            int i;
            int[] numberArray = new int[10];
            for (i = 0; number > 0; i++)
            {
                numberArray[i] = number % 2;
                number = number / 2;
            }
            Console.Write("Binary Represenation of the given Number : ");
            for (i = i - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                Console.Write(numberArray[i]);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

Let us see another way of doing the conversion from Decimal to Binary in C#.
In the following program, we created a string variable to hold the binary representation of the Decimal number.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter the Decimal Number : ");
            int number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            
            string Result = string.Empty;
            for (int i = 0; number > 0; i++)
            {
                Result = number % 2 + Result;
                number = number / 2;
            }
            Console.WriteLine($"Binary Represenation of the given Number : {Result}");
            
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

In the next article, I am going to discuss the Binary to Decimal Conversion Program in C# with some examples. Here, in this article, I try to explain the Decimal to Binary Conversion in C# with some examples.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to understand Decimal to Binary Conversion in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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Sum of Digits Program in C# with Examples

In this article, I am going to discuss the Sum of Digits Program in C# with some examples. Please read our previous article where we discussed the Factorial Program in C# in many different ways. This is one of the frequently asked interview questions. As part of this article, we will discuss the following things.

1. How to find the sum of digits of a given number using a loop?
2. How to find the sum of digits of a given number using recursion?
3. Using LINQ to find the sum of digits of a number in C#.

Finding the sum of digits of a given number using a loop in C#:

Let us first understand the algorithm to find the sum digits of a number.

Algorithm: Sum of Digits Program in C#

Step1: Get the number from the user
Step2: Get the modulus/remainder of that number by doing the modulus operation
Step3: Sum the remainder of the number
Step4: Divide the number by 10
Step5: Repeat step 2 while the number is greater than 0.

Let us put the above steps into a program.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter the Number : ");
            int number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            int sum = 0, reminder;
           
            while (number > 0)
            {
                reminder = number % 10;
                sum = sum + reminder;
                number = number / 10;
            }
            
            Console.WriteLine($"The Sum of Digits is : {sum}");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

Finding the sum of digits of a number using Recursion in C#:
Let us understand how to find the sum of digits of a number using Recursion in C#. Please have a look at the following program.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter the Number : ");
            int number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            int sum = SumOfDigits(number);
            Console.WriteLine($"The Sum of Digits is : {sum}");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
        static int SumOfDigits(int number)
        {
            if (number != 0)
            {
                return (number % 10 + SumOfDigits(number / 10));
            }
            else
            {
                return 0;
            }
        }
    }
}

Output:

Using Linq to find the sum of digits of a number in C#:
In the following program, first, we convert the integer into a string. As we know a string is an array of characters, so we use the Select operator to iterate over the array. For each character digit, first, we parse it to a string and then we parse it to an int. Send the resulting enum to an int[] array. And then apply the Sum extension method on it to get the desired result.

using System;
using System.Linq;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter the Number : ");
            int number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            
            int sum = number.ToString().Select(digit => int.Parse(digit.ToString())).ToArray().Sum();
            
            Console.WriteLine($"The Sum of Digits is : {sum}");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

In the next article, I am going to discuss Decimal to Binary Conversion Program in C# with some examples. Here, in this article, I try to explain the Sum of Digits Program in C# in many different ways. I hope you enjoy this article.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to write Sum of Digits Program in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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Factorial Program in C# with Examples

In this article, I am going to discuss the Factorial Program in C# with some examples. Please read our previous article where we discussed the Armstrong Number Program in C# with examples. In many interviews, the interviewer asked this question in many different ways. As part of this article, we are going to discuss the following pointers.

1. What is the factorial of a number?
2. Factorial of a number using for loop, while loop and do-while loop in C#.
3. Factorial of a number using the recursive function in C#.

What is Factorial of a number?
The Factorial of a number (let say n) is nothing but the product of all positive descending integers of that number. Factorial of n is denoted by n!. Please have a look at the following image which shows how to calculate the factorials of a number.

Factorial Program in C# using for loop:
In the following example, we take the number from the console and then calculate the factorial of that number using for loop.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a Number : ");
            int number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            int factorial = 1;
            for (int i = 1; i <= number; i++)
            {
                factorial = factorial * i;
            }
            Console.Write($"Factorial of {number}  is: {factorial}");
            
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

Output:

Factorials of a number using while loop in C#:
In the following example, we use while loop to calculate the factorial of a number.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a Number : ");
            int number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            long factorial = 1;
            while (number != 1)
            {
                factorial = factorial * number;
                number = number - 1;
            }
            
            Console.Write($"Factorial is: {factorial}");           
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

Output:

Factorial of a number using Recursive Function in C#:
In the following program, we use a recursive function to calculate the factorial of a given number.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a Number : ");
            int number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            long factorial = RecursiveFactorial(number);
            Console.Write($"Factorial of {number} is: {factorial}");    
            
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        static long RecursiveFactorial(int number)
        {
            if (number == 1)
            {
                return 1;
            } 
            else
            {
                return number * RecursiveFactorial(number - 1);
            }    
        }
    }
}

Output:

Factorial of a number using the do-while loop in C#:
In the below program, we use the do-while loop to calculate the factorial of a given number. The number here we are taking from the console.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a Number : ");
            int number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            long factorial =  1;
            do
            {
                factorial = factorial * number;
                number--;
            } while (number > 0);
            Console.Write($"The Factorial is: {factorial}");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }      
    }
}

Output:

In the next article, I am going to discuss the Sum Of Digits Program in C# with some examples. Here, in this article, I try to explain the different ways to implement the Factorial Program in C# with examples.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to write a Factorial Program in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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