How to find the angle between hour and minute hands of a clock at any given time in C#

In this article, I am going to discuss how to find the angle between the hour and minute hands of a clock at any given time in C# with an example. Please read our previous article where we discussed How to Perform Right Circular Rotation of an Array in C# with an example.

Program Description:
Here, the user will input the hour and minute. Then we need to calculate the angle between the given hours and minute. For example, if the user input as 9hour 30 minutes, then the angle between the hour hand and minute hand should be 105 degrees. If the input is 13 hour 30 minutes then the output should be 135 degrees

Finding the angle between the hour and minute hands of a clock at any given time:
The logic that we need to implement is to find the difference in the angle of an hour and minute hand from the position of 12 O Clock when the angle between them is zero. Each hour on the clock represents an angle of 30 degrees (360 divided by 12). Similarly, each minute on the clock will represent an angle of 6 degrees (360 divided by 60) and the angle for an hour will increase as the minutes for that hour increases.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter the hours : ");
            int hours = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            Console.Write("Enter the Minutes : ");
            int minutes = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            
            double hourInDegrees = (hours * 30) + (minutes * 30.0 / 60);
            double minuteInDegrees = minutes * 6;
            double diff = Math.Abs(hourInDegrees - minuteInDegrees);
            if (diff > 180)
            {
                diff = 360 - diff;
            }
            Console.WriteLine($"Angle between {hours} hour and {minutes} minute is {diff} degrees");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

I hope now you understood how to find the angle between the hour and minute hands of a clock at any given time in C#.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to understand How to find the angle between hour and minute hands of a clock at any given time in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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How to Perform Right Circular Rotation of an Array in C#

In this article, I am going to discuss How to Perform Right Circular Rotation of an Array in C# with an example. Please read our previous article where we discussed How to Perform Left Circular Rotation of an Array in C# with an example.

Program Description:
Here, the user will input a one-dimensional integer array. Then we need to shift each element of the array to its right by one position in a circular fashion. The logic that we need to implement should iterate the loop from 0 t0 Length – 1 and then swap each element with the first element. Please have a look at the following diagram for a better understanding of our requirements.

Right Circular Rotation of an Array in C#:
In the following example, first, we take the input integer array from the user. Then we perform right circular rotation using for loop.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] oneDimensionalArray = new int[6];
            Console.WriteLine("Enter the 1D Array Elements : ");
            for (int i = 0; i< oneDimensionalArray.Length; i++)
            {
                oneDimensionalArray[i] = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            }
            
            int temp;
            for (int j = 0; j < oneDimensionalArray.Length - 1; j++)
            {
                temp = oneDimensionalArray[0];
                oneDimensionalArray[0] = oneDimensionalArray[j + 1];
                oneDimensionalArray[j + 1] = temp;
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Array Elements After Right Circular Rotation: ");
            foreach (int num in oneDimensionalArray)
            {
                Console.Write(num + " ");
            }
            
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

In the next article, I am going to discuss how to find the angle between the hour and minute hands of a clock at any given time in C# with examples. I hope now you understood How to Perform Right Circular Rotation of an Array in C#.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to understand How to Perform Right Circular Rotation of an Array in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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How to Perform Left Circular Rotation of an Array in C#

In this article, I am going to discuss How to Perform Left Circular Rotation of an Array in C# with an example. Please read our previous article where we discussed how to convert a one-dimensional array to a two-dimensional array in C# with an example.

Program Description:
Here, the user will input an integer array. Then we need to shift each element of the input array to its left by one position in the circular fashion. The logic we need to implement should iterate the loop from Length – 1 to 0 and then swap each element with the last element. Please have a look at the following diagram for a better understanding of what we want to achieve.

Left Circular Rotation of an Array in C#:
In the following example, first, we take the input integer array from the user. Then we perform the left circular rotation using for loop.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] oneDimensionalArray = new int[6];
            Console.WriteLine("Enter the 1D Array Elements : ");
            for (int i = 0; i< oneDimensionalArray.Length; i++)
            {
                oneDimensionalArray[i] = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            }
            
            int temp;
            for (int j = 0; j < oneDimensionalArray.Length - 1; j++)
            {
                temp = oneDimensionalArray[0];
                oneDimensionalArray[0] = oneDimensionalArray[j + 1];
                oneDimensionalArray[j + 1] = temp;
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Array Elements After Right Circular Rotation: ");
            foreach (int num in oneDimensionalArray)
            {
                Console.Write(num + " ");
            }
            
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

In the next article, I am going to discuss how to perform the Right circular rotation of an array in C# with examples. I hope now you understood How to Perform Left Circular Rotation of an Array in C#.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to understand How to Perform Left Circular Rotation of an Array in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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How to convert a one-dimensional array to a two-dimensional array in C#

In this article, I am going to discuss how to convert a one-dimensional array to a two-dimensional array in C# with an example. Please read our previous article where we discussed how to convert a two-dimensional array to a one-dimensional array in C# with some examples.

Program Description:
Here, the user will input a one-dimensional array along with the number of rows and columns for the two-dimensional array. Then we need to convert the one-dimensional array to a two-dimensional array based on the given rows and columns. For a better understanding of what we want to do, please have a look at the following diagram.

Note: The number of elements in the array should be the multiplication of the number of rows and number of columns.

Creating a 2d Array from 1D Array in C#:
In the following program, first, we take the number of rows and columns for the 2d array from the user. Then we create and populate the 1d array with the required data. Based on the number of rows and columns we created the 2d array and using two loops we populate the 2d array with data coming from the 1d array.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter the Number of Rows : ");
            int Rows = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            Console.Write("Enter the Number of Columns : ");
            int Columns = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            //Creating a 1d Array 
            Console.WriteLine("Enter the 1D Array Elements : ");
            int[] oneDimensionalArray = new int[Rows * Columns];
            for(int i = 0; i< oneDimensionalArray.Length; i++)
            {
                oneDimensionalArray[i] = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            }
            
            //Creating 2d Array
            int index = 0;
            int[,] twoDimensionalArray = new int[Rows, Columns];
            
            for (int x = 0; x < Rows; x++)
            {
                for (int y = 0; y < Columns; y++)
                {
                    twoDimensionalArray[x, y] = oneDimensionalArray[index];
                    index++;
                }
            }
            //Printing the 2D array elements
            Console.WriteLine("2D Array Elements : ");
            foreach (int item in twoDimensionalArray)
            {
                Console.Write(item + " ");
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

In the next article, I am going to discuss How to perform Left circular rotation of an array in C# with examples. I hope now you understood How to convert a one-dimensional array to a two-dimensional array in C#.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to understand How to convert a one-dimensional array to a two-dimensional array in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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How to convert a two-dimensional array to one-dimensional array in C#

In this article, I am going to discuss how to convert a two-dimensional array to a one-dimensional array in C# with some examples. Please read our previous article where we discussed How to Find All Possible Substring of a Given String in C# with some examples. As part of this article, we will discuss the following two approaches.

1. How to convert a 2d array into 1d array column-wise in C#?
2. How to convert a 2d array into 1d array row-wise in C#?

Program Description:
Here, the user will input a two-dimensional array (i.e. matrix) and we need to convert that 2D array to a one-dimensional array. Here, we will create the one-dimensional array row-wise as well as column-wise. For better understanding please have a look at the following diagram.

Creating a 1D Array from 2D Array Column Wise in C#:
The following program is self-explained. So, please go through the comment lines for better understanding. In the following example, we convert the 2d array to 1d array column-wise.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //Creating a 2d Array with 2 rows and three columns
            int[,] int2DArray = new int[2, 3];
            Console.Write("Enter 2D Array Elements : ");
            for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
                {
                    int2DArray[i, j] = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
                }
            }
            int index = 0;
            //Getting the no of rows of 2d array 
            int NoOfRows = int2DArray.GetLength(0);
            //Getting the no of columns of the 2d array
            int NoOfColumns = int2DArray.GetLength(1);
            //Creating 1d Array by multiplying NoOfRows and NoOfColumns
            int[] OneDimensionalArray = new int[NoOfRows * NoOfColumns];
            
            //Assigning the elements to 1d Array from 2d array
            for (int y = 0; y < NoOfColumns; y++)
            {
                for (int x = 0; x < NoOfRows ; x++)
                {
                    OneDimensionalArray[index] = int2DArray[x, y];
                    index++;
                }
            }
            //Printing the 1d array elements
            Console.WriteLine("1D Array Elements : ");
            foreach (int item in OneDimensionalArray)
            {
                Console.Write(item + " ");
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

Creating the 1D Array From 2D Array Row Wise in C#:
In the following program, we convert the two-dimensional array to one-dimensional row-wise. For better understanding please go through the comment lines.

using System.Linq;
using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //Creating a 2d Array with 2 rows and three columns
            int[,] int2DArray = new int[2, 3];
            Console.Write("Enter 2D Array Elements : ");
            for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
                {
                    int2DArray[i, j] = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
                }
            }
            int index = 0;
            //Getting the no of rows of 2d array 
            int NoOfRows = int2DArray.GetLength(0);
            //Getting the no of columns of the 2d array
            int NoOfColumns = int2DArray.GetLength(1);
            //Creating 1d Array by multiplying NoOfRows and NoOfColumns
            int[] OneDimensionalArray = new int[NoOfRows * NoOfColumns];
            
            //Assigning the elements to 1d Array from 2d array
            for (int y = 0; y < NoOfRows ; y++)
            {
                for (int x = 0; x < NoOfColumns; x++)
                {
                    OneDimensionalArray[index] = int2DArray[y, x];
                    index++;
                }
            }
            //Printing the 1d array elements
            Console.WriteLine("1D Array Elements : ");
            foreach (int item in OneDimensionalArray)
            {
                Console.Write(item + " ");
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

In the next article, I am going to discuss how to convert a one-dimensional array to a two-dimensional array in C# with examples. I hope now you understood how to convert a two-dimensional array to a one-dimensional array in C# with different mechanisms.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to understand How to convert a two-dimensional array to one-dimensional array in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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How to Find All Substrings of a Given String in C#

In this article, I am going to discuss How to Find All Substrings of a Given String in C# with some examples. Please read our previous article where we discussed how to remove duplicate characters from a string in C# with some examples. As part of this article, we are going to implement the above program in the following ways.

1. Without and with using Built-in Methods to Find all Possible Substrings of a Given String.
2. How to find only the unique substrings of a given string in C#.
3. Using Linq to Find ALL possible substring as well as Unique substring of a given string.

Program Description:
Here, we will take the input as a string from the console and then need to print all the possible substrings of that string. The substring of a given string is nothing but the characters or the group of characters that are present within the string. To understand this better please have a look at the following diagram which shows the string and its possible substrings.

Algorithm to find all possible substring of a given string:

Step1: Define a string.
Step2: The first loop (i.e. the outer loop) will keep the first character of the substring.
Step3: The second loop (i.e. the inner loop) will build the substring by adding one character in each iteration till the end of the string is reached.

    For Example, if the given String is “ABCD”
    Then the first loop will hold the position of A, then B then C and finally D
    The second loop will be substring the string into
       For i=1: A, AB, ABC, then ABCD for the last iteration
       For i=2: B, BC and then BCD
       For i=3: C and then CD
       For i=4: D

Step4: Print the substring

Using a Simple Approach:
In the following example, we used two loops. The outer loop is used to maintain the relative position of the first character and the inner loop is used to create all possible substrings one by one and print them on the console.

using System;
using System.Text;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string inputString = Console.ReadLine();
           
            Console.WriteLine("All substrings for given string are : ");
            
            for (int i = 0; i < inputString.Length; ++i)
            {
                StringBuilder subString = new StringBuilder(inputString.Length - i);
                for (int j = i; j < inputString.Length; ++j)
                {
                    subString.Append(inputString[j]);
                    Console.Write(subString + " ");
                }
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

Using Substring method:
In the following example, we use the built-in substring method to create the string. The Substring (i, len) creates a substring of length ‘len’ starting from index i in the given string.

using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string inputString = Console.ReadLine();
            
            int len = inputString.Length;
            Console.WriteLine("All substrings for given string are : ");
            
            //This loop maintains the starting character  
            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
            {
                //This loop adds the next character every iteration for the substring and then print
                for (int j = 0; j < len - i; j++)
                {
                    Console.Write (inputString.Substring(i, j + 1) + " ");
                }
            }
            
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

As you can see in the above output, it prints all the possible substrings of a given string. Further, if you observe it is not maintaining the uniqueness of the strings. That is some substrings (such as A, AB, B) are appear multiple times.

Finding Unique Substrings of a Given String in C#:
In the following example, we are storing all the possible substrings into an array. Then use the Linq Distinct method to get the distinct values only.

using System.Linq;
using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string inputString = Console.ReadLine();
            int len = inputString.Length;
            int temp = 0;
            //Total possible substrings for string of size n is n*(n+1)/2  
            String[] SubstringArray = new String[len * (len + 1) / 2];
            
            //This loop maintains the starting character  
            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
            {
                //This loop adds the next character every iteration for the substring 
                //and then store into the array
                for (int j = 0; j < len - i; j++)
                {
                    SubstringArray[temp] = inputString.Substring(i, j + 1);
                    temp++;
                }
            }
            //Get the distinct array  
            SubstringArray = SubstringArray.Distinct().ToArray();
            //Print the array  
            Console.WriteLine("All Unique substrings for given string are : ");
            for (int i = 0; i < SubstringArray.Length; i++)
            {
                Console.Write(SubstringArray[i] + " ");
            }
            
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

Note: All the possible substrings for a string will be n*(n + 1)/2. So, here we are creating the string array with the size n*(n+1)/2.

Using LINQ to Find All and Unique Substrings of a Given String in C#:
In the following example, we show you how to use the LINQ query to find all the possible substrings as well as unique strings of a given string.

using System.Linq;
using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string inputString = Console.ReadLine();
            
            var Substrings =
                from i in Enumerable.Range(0, inputString.Length)
                from j in Enumerable.Range(0, inputString.Length - i + 1)
                where j >= 1
                select inputString.Substring(i, j);
            //Print the array 
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("All substrings for given string are : ");
            foreach (string substring in Substrings)
            {
                Console.Write(substring + " ");
            }
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("All Unique substrings for given string are : ");
            foreach (string substring in Substrings.Distinct())
            {
                Console.Write(substring + " ");
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

In the next article, I am going to discuss how to convert a 2d array to a 1d array in C# using different mechanisms. I hope now you understood How to Find All Substrings of a Given String in C# with different mechanisms.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to understand How to Find All Substrings of a Given String in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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How to Remove Duplicate Characters From a String in C#

In this article, I am going to discuss how to remove duplicate characters from a string in C# with some examples. Please read our previous article where we discussed How to Reverse Each Word in a Given String in C# with some examples. As part of this article, we are going to use the following three approaches to remove the duplicate characters from the given string C#.

1. The simple way of Implementation to remove duplicate characters
2. Using HashSet to Remove Duplicate Characters from a string
3. Using LINQ to Remove Duplicate Characters from a string

Program Description:
Here, the user will input a string and that string may contain some characters multiple times. Our requirement is to have a character only once in the string. So here we need to remove the duplicate characters from the string. For better understanding, please have a look at the following diagram which shows the input and the expected output.

The Simple way of Implementation:
In the following program, we are looping through all the characters of the input and string and then checking whether that character is already there in the result string. If it is already there then we simply ignore it else we add that character to the end of the result string.

using System;
using System.Linq;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string inputString = Console.ReadLine();
            string resultString = string.Empty;
            for (int i = 0; i < inputString.Length; i++)
            {
                if (!resultString.Contains(inputString[i]))
                {
                    resultString += inputString[i];
                }
            }
            Console.WriteLine(resultString);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Here, we use the Contains method which will check whether a character is present or not.

Using HashSet to Remove Duplicate Characters:
In the following example, we use HashSet to map the string to char. This will remove the duplicate characters from a string.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string inputString = Console.ReadLine();
            string resultString = string.Empty;
            var unique = new HashSet<char>(inputString);
            foreach (char c in unique)
            {
                resultString += c;
            }
            Console.WriteLine("After Removing Duplicates : " + resultString);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Using LINQ to Remove Duplicate Characters From a String:
In the following example, first we are converting the string into a character array and then we are applying the LINQ Distinct method to remove the duplicate characters. Finally, we convert the character array into a string which should contain the unique characters.

using System.Linq;
using System;
namespace LogicalPrograms
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter a String : ");
            string inputString = Console.ReadLine();
            
            var uniqueCharArray = inputString.ToCharArray().Distinct().ToArray();
            var resultString = new string(uniqueCharArray);
            Console.WriteLine("After Removing Duplicates : " + resultString);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Output:

In the next article, I am going to discuss how to find all possible substrings of a given string in C# with some examples. I hope now you understood How to remove duplicate characters from a string with different ways.

Summary:
I hope this post will be helpful to write a program to Remove Duplicate Characters From a String in C#
Please share this post with your friends and colleagues.
For any queries please post a comment below.
Happy Coding 😉

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